Sustainable Building Sourcebook
Chapter: Community
 
Commercial Recycling
 
CSI Numbers: 02870 Site and Street Furnishings, 11170 Solid Waste Handling Equipment
 
Introduction:
 
Recycling is a system of collecting, sorting, and processing solid waste and other discarded materials for use as raw materials in the manufacture of new products. As indicated by the three arrows on a recycling symbol, recycling is a three-step process that includes:
  • Collecting and separating materials
  • Manufacturing and reprocessing
  • Purchasing of recycled content products

Austin area citizens generate enough trash to fill the Erwin Special Events Center every four months, and every day, American businesses generate enough paper to circle the earth 20 times. Recycling materials, instead of landfilling them, extends local landfill life, preserves natural resources, reduces pollution, and saves energy.

The Austin City Council passed the Commercial and Multi-family Recycling Ordinance on October 22, 1998 with an effective date of April 15, 1999. The ordinance is designed to enhance access to the benefits of recycling and waste reduction for Austin-area businesses and multi-family (apartment/condominium) residents.

From an economic standpoint, businesses and multi-family properties should be able to produce large enough volumes of recyclable materials to minimize or offset the additional cost of adding the recycling service. This additional cost is offset not only by the revenue received from recycled materials but also from the reduction in waste disposal costs as volumes are diverted from landfilling to recycling.

 
At-A-Glance Notes:
 
Technology:
Many options exist for storage and collection containers. A full range of sizes and materials are available from small desk-side boxes to vehicle-emptied containers.
 
Suppliers:
There are local suppliers of recycling containers, including office supply stores and recycling service providers.
 
Cost:
Cost varies widely depending on the number and size of containers selected. Some recycling service providers include the cost of containers with the cost of hauling and collecting. Desk side containers are similar in price as wastebaskets (~$5.00 each). Discounts for quantity purchases can be also obtained. Hauling and collection costs are negotiated depending on container size, frequency of pickup, material value, and anticipated volume.
 
Public Acceptance:
Most citizens favor recycling and consider it a necessary, worthy task. Strong, continued participation in a recycling program results from an easy to use, convenient system. Initial training and ongoing education reinforce the program parameters.
 
Regulatory:
City of Austin Ordinance 981022-P Chapter 12-3, Article VI, Commercial and Multi-Family Recycling requires that all multi-family communities with 100 or more units and businesses with 100 employees or more, or buildings with an aggregate of at least 100 employees that have a single garbage collection service, shall establish an on-site recycling program and recycle a minimum of two designated materials (see Guidelines below). All business owners must provide a Recycling Plan on the form provided by the City of Austin within 14 days of beginning operations.
 
Considerations:
 
A recycling program should be designed to be as easy and convenient for employees/tenants as possible. In order to make a recycling program effective, a thorough analysis of the waste stream (or potential waste stream) for the business or building needs to be undertaken. This study will involve estimating quantities and types of collected materials (see Guidelines below) and evaluating available markets for these materials. Locating a recycling service provider (see Resources below) and determining the disposal costs should also be part of the study. Soliciting bids from several service providers can help ensure that a competitive rate is secured.

The waste stream analysis will also include planning for the collection and storage of these materials - both inside and outside the building. Containers located outdoors must be covered to minimize the chance of pilfering, contamination, and being damaged by the weather. Covered containers also help maintain a neat appearance for the recycling area.

Once this initial analysis is complete, designers need to incorporate the plan into the overall design or renovation of the building as early as possible, including allocating space for collection containers and considering how the materials will be transported to the outside collection area. Designers should consider where the materials would be generated in order to locate convenient central collection containers. Spaces such as copy centers, break rooms, receiving and shipping areas, and loading docks should be given special attention when planning for collection and storage.

Desktop or desk-side bins are normally placed at employees' desks for the collection of office paper. Collection containers for other recyclables such as newspaper, corrugated cardboard, magazines, office paper, etc., should be placed in a central location. Bins for glass, tin, aluminum, and plastic food and beverage containers should be located in the employee break rooms and kitchen areas. Bins are usually emptied into larger, central collection containers, either by employees or maintenance staff. Indoor common-area collection/storage areas should be designed in accordance with appropriate City of Austin fire and/or safety codes. Interior storage and collection containers of various sizes (including 13 quart desk side boxes, 32 gallon central collection containers, and 96 gallon wheeled collection carts) are available. Containers can be made of cardboard, plastic, or metal. When selecting containers, look for recycled content products. Commercial cabinetry is available with recycling centers or custom cabinetry can be designed to accommodate recyclables. Exterior recyclables storage areas should be designed in accordance with City of Austin requirements for solid waste enclosures.

Central collection containers (usually located outdoors or on the loading dock) are often made of metal or plastic and must have tight fitting lids. Manually emptied containers include 30 - 100 gallon wheeled collection carts. Vehicle-emptied containers, such as dumpsters, range in size from 3 to 12 cubic yards and require a concrete pad and vehicle access. Overhead clearances for tipping and truck turning radiuses may also have to be considered. In addition, for areas with high volume collection, mechanical compactors and balers require electricity and operator training.

The next steps involve planning for employee education and promotion of the recycling program. Finding the right person to be the facility's recycling coordinator is a key element to the program's success. Early involvement of employees/tenants is also a key component. Consider inviting employees/tenants to an information meeting or asking them to serve on the recycling committee. A continuing education program is essential to convey information on how the program works - this could be part of new employee/tenant orientation. In order to close the recycling loop, implement plans for purchasing products made from recycled content materials.

 
Guidelines:
 
The City of Austin Recycling Ordinance requires that business owners provide on-site recycling opportunities to their employees in much the same way that the City of Austin has provided this opportunity to single-family homes through curbside recycling. As is the case with the City of Austin's curbside program, the participation of each employee/tenant is voluntary.

The business shall recycle a minimum of two materials listed below or other non-listed materials that are approved by the Director of Solid Waste Services:

  • Aluminum cans
  • Tin/Steel cans
  • Glass bottles
  • Plastic containers
  • Newspaper
  • Corrugated cardboard
  • Mixed office paper

 
Resources:
 
Components/Materials/Systems:

Allied Waste (formerly BFI)
10420 Metric Blvd.
Austin, TX 78758
(512) 385-7600
www.disposal.com

Balcones Recycling
2416 E. 6th St
Austin, TX 78702
(512) 472-6200
www.balconesresources.com

Recycling Services Inc.
PO Box 204043
Austin, TX 78720
(512) 250-0360
www.helpmerecycle.com
Custom recycling programs for businesses and apartment complexes

Tri-Recycling
P.O. Box 26499
Austin, TX 78755
(512) 329-0172
www.trirecycling.com

Waste Management
9708 Giles Rd.
Austin, TX 78754
(512) 272-4341


Recycling Drop Off Centers:

Balcones Recycling
2416 E. 6th St.
Austin, TX 78702
(512) 472-6200
www.balconesresources.com

Ecology Action of Texas
707 E. 9th St.
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 322-0000
www.ecology-action.org

Recycling Services Inc.
(Shred Facility Location)
601 South Loop 4
Buda, TX 78601
(512) 250-0360
www.helpmerecycle.com


General Assistance:

City of Austin Solid Waste Services
Commercial Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP)
P.O. Box 1088
Austin, TX 78767
(512) 974-9727
www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/

For ordinance details, planning and reporting forms, and more information, see www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/recyclerules.htm